a. c. interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons. formation. d. None of these are correct. Polygenic inheritance is the inheritance of traits that are influenced by multiple genes. Transcribed image text: Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? What is the function of dendrites in a neuron? The Macklis Lab is directed toward (1) understanding molecular controls and mechanisms over neuron sub-type development, diversity, axon guidance-circuit formation, and degeneration in the cerebral cortex, and (2) applying developmental controls toward brain and spinal cord regeneration and directed differentiation for in vitro therapeutic and mechanistic screening. We investigated here the direct and differential effects of inflammatory mediators on human neurons. A. ependymal cells B. Schwann cells C . D) They are short-lived. We studied the biochemical characteristics of dopaminergic (DA) neurons generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a PD . C) anchor neurons to blood vessels 24, 25 There were 255 and 319 . B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell Name the two other neuron types which are cholinergic. A) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane. b. increasing glial scarring. b. cingulate cortex. c. olfactory information. d. Sensory, Which neuron structure receives impulses from the preceding cell? When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. A. neuronal fibers; axons B. axons; dendrites C. dendr. 1. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. C) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs if the inhibitory effect is greater than the excitatory, causing hyperpolarization of the membrane. c. The output (. c. Dendrites and soma This disease causes gradual muscle stiffness . Give a valid explanation of why this could occur. a. medulla. d. it fills spaces in the brain. Which of the following is false or incorrect? The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity. a. increase the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. D) astrocytes, Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. 1. Answer: They are constantly dividing Explanation: Neurons are like different cells in the body on the grounds that: Neurons are encircled by a cell . All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels, but they do not block mechanically gated ion channels. b. procedural memory. b. Axon and soma March 17, 2022. A patient is admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELL NEURONS<br><br>The nerve cell - neuron - is a structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. C) neurotransmitter 30. If a neuroscientist described a structure as more lateral to a particular area, this means that: Growing numbers of sodium channels appear spontaneously in the demyelinated fibers so that conduction resumes, even if slower. Which membrane potential occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron? If a person ingested a substance that temporarily impaired the functioning of the d. the structure is anterior to the area. A) ependymal cells b. b. thalamus. Increased diameter results in increased surface area on the membrane for sodium channels. b. Glossopharyngeal nerve - Neurons have a cell body, which contains the majority of the cell's organelles. The nucleus accumbens facilitates fear and aggression. The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory function. d. the person has a history of drug abuse. The importance of a stimulus is derived from the number of stimuli received from the same source. b. cerebrospinal fluid. - Neurons have one or more long, slender projections called dendrites, which receive electrical impulses from other neurons. b. increased heart rate. A) sodium b. glial cells. The hypothalamus is located in the: What do neurons synapse with? An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. d. M1 microglial cells. d . Identify the neuron type described: A functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS. b. In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? Which of the following is NOT characteristic of nervous tissue in the brain a. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Upper motor neurons are classified according to the pathways they travel in C. The Babinski response is not characteristic of paralysis from UMN lesions 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. 20. C) serotonin 51. a. forebrain. I was doing so well." It stores energy reserves. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions. a. microglial cells. Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes? When activated, shortens C. Found in the brain and spinal cord. What distinguishes nerve cells and other excitable membranes (e.g., muscle cells) is that they are capable of changing their resting potential. c. decrease the activity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. B. Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves. Required fields are marked. Motor afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. (a) can maintain ionic balance of extracellular environment for neurons (b) can take glucose from blood to provide to neurons to make ATP (c) can take up neurotransmitter from a synapse (d) can phag, Which of the following are characteristics of myelinated axons? 60. having a low appetite. a. temporal lobe. D) found in the retina of the eye, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? a. impair memory. A. astrocytes B. ependymal cells C. microglia D. Schwann cells, Which of the following options is correct? 28. D) erratic transmission of nerve impulses, Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? B. axon. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NERVOUS AND GLIAL CELLS. Which of the following lists the components found in a synapse? C) action potential The cell body is the metabolic center of the neuron. 25. What is an example of a presynaptic cell? a. B) type of stimulus receptor Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. The former make connections from the spinal cord to the muscles. c. occipital lobe. d. increased protection of the brain. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed. d. implicit memory. Characteristics of the Neuron. a. messenger ribonucleic acid. b. Gliosis A substance that inhibits the activity of the cerebellum would be expected to: d. Activation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, 65. a. postganglionic terminals. Diminished cerebral blood flow increases oxygen to neurons. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and they generate electrical signals called action potentials, which allow them to quickly transmit information over long distances. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. b. Microglial cells a. Epigenetic markers b. expect to find increased blood flow. Sympathetic nervous system neurons contact muscle tissue at neuromuscular junctions. Both responses are examples of graded potentials. 2. According to the signal, carried by motor nerves to effector organs, the muscles and glands . D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. Cold sores on the skin of the mouth occur when herpes simplex viruses that are dormant in neural ganglia become active and travel to the skin of the mouth. d. that a person has autochromosomal traits. If a physician identified her patient as a low drug metabolizer, which of the following is most Relative to the central nervous system, motor neurons are referred to as afferent neurons. D) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. 46. adjacent axon segment. c. provide the defense for the CNS. Neurons are found across the body but are most numerous in the brain. Two subtypes of motor neurons have been identified: inferior and superior. GABA and glycine are amino acid neurotransmitters; dopamine and norepinephrine are catecholamines; and endorphin and enkephalin are peptide transmitters. It is concluded that motor and sensory axons have a different substrate preference at early postnatal stages but this difference is lost in the adult. The cells communicate by sending signals between different parts of the brain, and the neurons can interface with gray matter nuclei. D) positively charged and contains more sodium, If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. D) They are mitotic. mastering a&p- chapter 11 (part of 12) EXAM 5, Anatomy & Physiology Test 2: Tissues & Integu, UTA Biol 2458- A&P 2 Aranda Test review 1, Mastering Homework Questions and Notes: Actio, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. a. Dendrites and axon a. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. They secrete acetylcholine. High mitotic rate B. What are the functional classifications of neurons? B) Specific potassium gates will open. B) microglia The cerebral cortex has features called gyri and sulci. The frequency of impulse transmission indicates the stimulus intensity and the brain responds appropriately. C) receptor Specific instructions that encode for traits are called: 58. True or False, If bacteria invaded the CNS tissue, microglia would migrate to the area to engulf and destroy them. b. Ventral root B. d. Parkinson's disease. a. c. synapses. They are electrically excitable cells which generate action potentials. C. cell body. A) nuclei b. Neurotrophins Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? B) short distance depolarization a) control how neurons communicate at the synapse b) guide the development and differentiation of neurons and glial cells c) physically support neurons in the PNS to form nerves d) provide. a) axon b) axon hillock c) dendrites d) soma, Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? a. sensory neuron b. interneuron c. motor neuron d. gland e. muscle. Name the parts that comprise the elbow joint. a. reduced cerebrospinal fluid. c. the thalamus. C. Myelin traps sodium ions in the axon, What does myelin do for neurons? d. act as transcription factors. These gases are neurotransmitters that act indirectly. c. enhance the activity of reactive astrocytes. Which of the following statements is incorrect? D) nitric oxide, Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? The autonomic has two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic. Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? a. 56. Melatonin is released from the: In the discussion section the authors wrote "In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.". c. preganglionic terminals. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. A gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral system is called a(n) ________. b. inhibit axon growth. c. hippocampus. d. cerebral blood vessels. Show the details. What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? a. sodium b. chloride c. calcium d. potassium, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is call a(n) _____. Which of the following are true about neurons? Both excitatory and inhibitory potentials impinge on neurons. d. cingulate cortex. B) They can form on receptor endings. The cerebellum is located in the: b. medulla. A) mechanically gated channel Use Equation v=v0+atv=v_0+a tv=v0+at to show that the time corresponding to the velocity found in part (a) is t=v0v022ax0at=\frac{-v_0 \pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}}{a}t=av0v022ax0. In epilepsy research, there is a growing interest in the role of the piriform cortex (PC) in the development and maintenance of limbic kindling and other types of limbic . While taking notes in class, a student had keep in mind what the professor had just stated in Which nerve cells carry impulses from the brain to the muscles? What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system? specific or different from others in some way that they do not have. A. (a) They conduct impulses. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic division? The _________________ facilitates balance and the timing of movements. In addition to diffusion, what are two other mechanisms that terminate neurotransmitter activity? The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). A substance that directly activates gene transcription is likely acting as a: What structural classification describes this neuron? c. reticular formation. These include nerve cells (or neurons) and glial cells (or glia ). copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed. c. Astrocytes 35. Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. These neurons are inhibitory neurons, meaning they release neurotransmitters that keep other neurons from firing. Be c. Cerebellum (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. The membrane potential of the postsynaptic membrane changes. Stimulation of initial axon segment a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. astroc, What kind of nerve cells are thought to be helpers for the neurons? b) The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the second motor neuron. Which type of microglial cells promote inflammation? D) generator potential. c. medulla Estimate the number of moles of Ar in a typical lightbulb. They propel cellular components along microtubules. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. capacity of divide via mitosis due to absence of centrosomes. ______________ are chemicals that promote the growth and development of neurons. Tight junctions along blood vessels in the brain are formed by: You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. a. Basal ganglia The nervous system most dominant while relaxing is the: Sensory receptors for touch (and pressure) respond to physical deformation of the receptors, resulting in the opening of specific mechanically gated ion channels. 41. Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? A drug that inhibited the reticular activating system would most likely cause: c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. Damage to the hypothalamus may alter someone's motivation to eat. d. proteins. Choose the correct order of these events below. d. motor neuron. B) negatively charged and contains less sodium b. Constricted airways b. Pons The sheath of Schwann is also called the ________. If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. What is the direct role of neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse? b. d. parasympathetic nervous system. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? B) large nerve fibers C) brain and spinal cord What do ANS neurons regulate with regard to mechanical digestion? Although neurologic recovery is complete, amnesia for the event persists. C) They are mitotic. D) control the chemical environment around neurons C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings B) chloride What type of channel on the postsynaptic membrane binds neurotransmitter? d. Polymorphism, 50. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. It is impossible in a single chapter to delineate comprehensively the extensive structural, topographical and functional variation achieved by this cell type. 3 special characteristics of neurons. Classify Neurons by their Function. a) ion b) cholinesterase c) neurotransmitter d) biogenic amine. (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. D) ligand-gated channel, An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. Identify the following: Acetylcholinesterase would be found in the synapse between neurons for this branch of the ANS and the effector cells. b. medulla How can a single axon respond to several different kinds of events? When a gene is activated, a specific DNA segment is unraveled and transcribed onto: c. striations present are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin. B) Group A fibers are mostly somatic sensory and motor and are the smallest in diameter. Oligodendrocytes are a type of neuroglia. a) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands b) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles c) sensory and motor neurons t. 1. What are the different classes of neurons and their functions? Define neurotransmitter. The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings. Even though someone is diagnosed with MS, the axons are not damaged. D) Schwann cells, Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. Which type of neurons are used to convey the special senses of sight? The characteristic neurologic picture including loss of consciousness, temporary respiratory arrest, and loss of reflexes. B) nerves A neuron is a cell that communicates with the brain. Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. B) anchor neurons to blood vessels Responding to brain injury is an important function of astrocytes. D) biogenic amine, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. Visual disturbances, paralysis, and weakness, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. c. pineal gland. 2. When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . The principles outlined above can be applied to the neuron and its ionic contents.. Why does injection of a local anesthetic into a finger still cause a loss of the sensation of touch from the finger? D) gamma aminobutyric acid, Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? 15. 19. 23 We detected neurons and extracted temporal components from the calcium imaging data (Figure 2 C) with the CNMF-E toolbox. Hint. Friedreich's ataxia is a rare disease that affects your central nervous system. A disorder that damaged oligodendrocytes would be expected to impede neurotransmission. c. medulla. 2.Motor. A) cell body b. M3 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE REGARDING UMNS ? c. decrease anxiety. a. meninges. d. Neurons. b. the medulla. Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? d. The patient is at risk of a Mendelian disease. conditions in Russian society that led to the Revolution of 1917. c. epigenetic stimulus. The reticular activating system includes all of the following structures except: c. nucleus accumbens. Similar to hormones, NO and CO promote longer-lasting effects by acting through intracellular second-messenger molecules. c. gene duplication. They have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. kg 1), . likely true? c. Myelination Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? D) tracts, The term central nervous system refers to the ________. nervous system. Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? The part of a neuron that sends neurotransmitters into a synapse is called a(n): 6. Central Nervous System When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. a. corpus callosum. c. genes. A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? 22. B) afferent neuron The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. C) diphasic impulses c. Hypoglossal nerve Neurons generate and conduct electrical impulses called action potentials. D) A small . 2. A. excitability B. neurotransmitter production C. high energy needs D. capability of mitosis. B) synapse ATP-dependent "motor" proteins such as kinesin, dynein, and myosin are responsible. b. dorsal horn What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? d. The person would have dulled senses for some period of time after taking the substance. Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? d. Inhibited salvation. However, the neuron in question does not transmit an impulse. (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. Neurons create extensive communication networks throughout the nervous system. In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. b. on the soma. Which of the following stimuli caused the reaction in the graph on the left? b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. 14. A . c. Astrocytes a. visual information. a. d. astrocytes. Diminished activation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract What are the cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system? a. hippocampus described as having a word on the tip of your tongue, might have abnormal functioning in the: A. a. the hippocampus. A) ependymal cells 38. likely acting upon? Which does NOT describe nervous tissue? They are robust signaling cells. b. auditory information. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. a. cerebral aqueduct. Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. 11. b. polymorphism. Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and CB2R, respectively, and their cell-type-specific functions are not well defined. Explain why some forms of MS are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. (a) They conduct impulses. 1. Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. Expert Answer. a. ribosomes. a. tegmentum. It is composed of densely packed cells. Damage to the hippocampus would likely cause impairments to long-term memory D) absolute refractory period. View the full answer. Which of the following is false or incorrect? Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. C) opens K+ or Cl- channels o Neurons have a very long lifespan Have low mitotic activity fie cannot undergo cell division) O Ability to transmit electrical signals (i.e. However, the electrical impulse cannot pass directly from a nerve cell to the skeletal muscle cells to excite them. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons. Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? a. Oligodendrocytes The midbrain contains the: This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. Ans: they are mitotic Unli . C) opening of voltage-regulated channels The patient is noncompliant and needs additional monitoring. 53. order to draw a diagram in her notebook. b. ANS stimulation of involuntary effectors is always excitatory. 4. A patient was admitted for depression. 63. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. B) cholinesterase d. ribosome transcription. Which of the following is not a characteristic of ion channels? 70. b. cingulate cortex. Describe annual cleanupthat isfrequently present in these agreements. Damage to the ________________ could cause changes to one's motivation to eat, such as c. Extrapyramidal System Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, a process that allows us to move and exist in the world around us. They are the fundamental units that send and receive signals which allow us to move our muscles, feel the external world, think, form memories and much more. a. D) positively charged and contains more sodium. 31. True or False, Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. c. basal ganglia. What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation contraction mechanism? As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. 14. d. hippocampus. The structure that meets the spinal cord in the hindbrain is the: A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to: However, the resting membrane potential in three types of neurons was not significantly different in the present study; therefore the 5-HT . Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. c. Proteoglycans C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. In this study we evaluated if motor and sensory neurites have a substrate preference for laminin and . Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? Indicate the number of orbitals in the 6p sublevel. c. It is avascular. b. cerebellum. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. C) association neuron When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. C. They are mitotic. If a loud noise made you jump, which structure was most likely responsible for this The concentration of __ is higher inside than outside the cell. O They conduct impulses. 75. Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential? Which of the following is an EXCITATORY neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal. b. forebrain. Correct option is C) Sensory neurons receive sensory inputs from the internal and external environment and transmit it to CNS (brain and spinal cord) for processing.
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